Organic fertilizers

One of the most important tasks of today is to optimize the pace of agricultural development, to transform it into a highly developed sector of the economy. The broader and scientifically sound application of biologically-optimized technologies with the use of, first of all, organic fertilizers is of great importance in solving these problems. The use of organic fertilizers is by far the most effective means of optimizing soil fertility, increasing crop yields and improving crop quality. The use of organic fertilizers, allows you to optimize the nutrition of plants and conditions for obtaining quality plant products, improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil.The key value of organic fertilizers is the saturation of soil with organic matter, a significant part of which in the process of biological transformation of the human organism is transformed crops without the use of organic fertilizers cause a decrease in the content of humus in the soil and decrease its fertility, which is caused by mineralization humus content. In particular, the decrease in humus content in the soil by 1% causes a decrease in yields by 5 c / ha of cereals. . With the decrease in the amount of humus in the soil, its water-physical, agrochemical and biological properties deteriorate. When using a scientifically-based amount of organic fertilizers, the humus content in the soil is optimized to a natural level, and their systematic application tends to increase its amount. It should be noted that the increase in the content of humic compounds in the soil is observed in the first years of systematic use of organic fertilizers. Of great importance on the content of humus and the coefficient of humification is the type of soils, their granulometric composition, climatic conditions, crop rotation, agrotechnical measures. Under favorable conditions, 20-30% of carbon of organic matter can be converted to humus. On light soils, the coefficients of humification are lower than on heavy soils. When organic fertilizers are used, nutrients (macro-, trace elements) are accumulated in the soil, acidity is reduced, the content of absorbed bases, absorption capacity and buffering are increased. Organic fertilizers contain biologically active substances, B vitamins, and auxins, which are required for plant growth and microorganisms that determine biosynthetic reactions and transformation of organic matter. Organic fertilizers help to optimize the biodiversity and structure of soil microflora, activate biological plant-microbial activity. Balanced use of organic fertilizers in machining reduces soil resistance and improves its thermal regime, because the dark-colored color of the transformed organic matter, forming humic compounds, contributes to the increase of heat absorption. compounds that are inaccessible to plants. They also help to clear the soil, improving its phytosanitary status. In addition, organic fertilizers create conditions for more efficient use of plants and soil biota of mineral fertilizers. Particularly important is the use of organic fertilizers in areas where soils with low natural fertility, the use of which determines the production of high yields. It is proved that the effectiveness of organic fertilizers depends on the liming of acidic and gypsum saline soils and the combination of scientifically grounded organic fertilizer factors that shape the crop (varieties and hybrids, plant protection, irrigation, soil cultivation, etc.) .Price policy in the world for organic fertilizers is formed mainly depending on the natural fertility of the soil, ie the content of humic acids.Today requires from the agricultural sector employees all units of scientifically sound use of organic fertilizers. The purpose of this publication is to provide all specialists with highly qualified assistance in the scientifically sound application of organic fertilizers. In addition, these scientific and practical recommendations will be useful to people who cultivate the land, respect it and do everything to ensure that it does not lose its natural property – fertility. The experts and owners of private plots in this edition will find and receive many practical tips, scientifically sound means, measures and technologies for the use of organic fertilizers for the cultivation of high-yielding plants, obtaining high and stable yields of environmentally friendly and safe agricultural products.